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Studies

Looking for information on the science behind our products?  You've come to the right place. See below for our comprehensive list of studies.

  • Photochemical damage of the retina. (Wu J1, Seregard S, Algvere PV. – Surv Ophthalmol. 2006)
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  • The effect of lutein supplementation on visual fatigue: a psychophysiological analysis (Yagi A, Fujimoto K, Michihiro K, Goh B, Tsi D, Nagai H. - Appl Ergon, 2009)
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  • The Influence of Dietary Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Visual Performance (Stringham, Hammond, et. al. - Journal of Food Science, 2009)
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  • Zeaxanthin and Visual Function (ZVF) Clinical Research Study (Richer, et. al. - Journal of Optometry, 2011)
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  • Macular Pigment and Visual Performance in Glare: Benefits for Photostress Recovery, Disability Glare, and Visual Discomfort (Stringham, Garcia, Smith, et. al. – IOVS, 2011)
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  • Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms of asthenopia in humans (Fuminori Kawabata and Tomoko Tsuji – Biomedical Research, 2011)
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  • Macular Re-pigmentation Enhances Driving Vision in Elderly Adult Males with Macular Degeneration (Richer, et. al. - Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 2012)
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  • The Role of Nutritional Supplementation In the Treatment of Occasional Dry Eye In Contact Lens Wearers (Mulqueeny, 2012)
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  • A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Neural Processing Speed and Efficiency (Bovier, Renzi, Hammond, et al. – Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2014)
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  • A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Photostress Recovery, Glare Disability, and Chromatic Contrast (Hammond, Fletcher, Roos, et. al. – Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2014)
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  • A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Visual Processing Speed in Young Healthy Subjects (Bovier, Hammond, et. al. – Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2014)
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  • Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants (Billy R. Hammond, Bart A. Johnson, Eric R. George - Experimental Eye Research, 2014)
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  • Ocular Nutrition Impact on Tear Film Study (ONIT) (Mulqueeny, Townsend, Davis, Koffler, et. al. – Advances in Ophthalmology and Visual System, 2015)
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  • Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness (Anne-Marie Chang, Daniel Aeschbach, Jeanne F. Duffy, Charles A. Czeisler - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015)
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  • Diabetes Visual Function Supplement Study (DiVFuSS) (Chous, Richer, Kowluru, Gerson, et. al. – British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2015)
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  • Viewing distance and eyestrain symptoms with prolonged viewing of smartphones (Long, Cheung, Duong, Paynter, Asper - Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2016)
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  • Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology (Gianluca Tosini, Ian Ferguson, Kazuo Tsubota - Molecular Vision, 2016)
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  • Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery (Stringham et al. - Eye and Vision, 2016)
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  • Contrast Sensitivity and Lateral Inhibition Are Enhanced With Macular Carotenoid Supplementation (Stringham JM, O’Brien KJ, Stringham NT - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci., 2017)
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  • The Associations between Near Visual Activity and Incident Myopia in Children (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2018)
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  • Macular pigment optical density is positively associated with academic performance among preadolescent children (Barnett et al. - Nutr Neurosci., 2019)
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  • American Academy of Pediatrics research
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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.